Si j'ai le temps, je viendrai. Si j'avais le temps, je viendrais. Si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu. Si tu m'avais prévenu, j'aurais pu t'aider.
Si clauses: all three types
Les trois types de phrases avec si
What you'll learn
- Use si + plus-que-parfait
- Handle all three types
- Mix time frames
Tips for this lesson
- Type 3 (past regret): si + PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT → CONDITIONNEL PASSÉ.
- The pattern is consistent: each type shifts one step further from reality.
- si still never takes futur or conditionnel — in any of the three types.
In context
Read all three types together. Notice how each moves further from reality.
The pattern — one system, three steps
Each type shifts one step further from reality. Type 3 is about the unchangeable past.
At B1 you learned types 1 and 2. Type 3 completes the system. Type 1 (realistic): si + présent → futur — it may well happen. Type 2 (hypothetical): si + imparfait → conditionnel présent — imaginary, about now or generally. Type 3 (past regret): si + plus-que-parfait → conditionnel passé — about the past, and now impossible to change: "si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu" (if I had had time, I would have come — but I didn't, and that can't change). Both halves of type 3 are tenses you already know: plus-que-parfait from B1-02 and conditionnel passé from the previous lesson. The golden rule still holds in all three: si is never followed by futur or conditionnel.
| Type | si clause | Result | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 — real | si + présent | futur | si j'ai le temps, je viendrai |
| 2 — hypothetical | si + imparfait | conditionnel présent | si j'avais le temps, je viendrais |
| 3 — past regret | si + plus-que-parfait | conditionnel passé | si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu |
Si j'ai le temps, je viendrai.
If I have time, I'll come.
Type 1 — genuinely possible.
Si j'avais le temps, je viendrais.
If I had time, I would come.
Type 2 — imaginary, about now.
Si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu.
If I had had time, I would have come.
Type 3 — about the past, now unchangeable.
Si j'avais étudié la médecine, je serais médecin aujourd'hui.
If I had studied medicine, I'd be a doctor today.
Mixed: past condition (type 3) with a present consequence (type 2 result).
Erreurs fréquentes
- Si j'aurais eu le temps, je serais venu.Si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu.
The golden rule holds for type 3 too — si takes plus-que-parfait, never conditionnel passé.
- Si j'avais eu le temps, je viendrais.Si j'avais eu le temps, je serais venu.
A type 3 condition needs a type 3 result — conditionnel passé, not conditionnel présent.
- Si j'avais le temps hier, je serais venu.Si j'avais eu le temps hier, je serais venu.
For a past condition you need the plus-que-parfait (avais eu), not the simple imparfait.
Exceptions & à retenir
Mixed types are normal when the meaning requires it
Si j'avais étudié la médecine, je serais médecin aujourd'hui — a past condition (type 3) with a present result (type 2). Correct and common whenever a past event still shapes the present.
Literary alternative with the plus-que-parfait du subjonctif
In formal literary French, type 3 can appear as si j'eusse su, j'eusse répondu. Recognition only — never produce this outside literary pastiche.
si + plus-que-parfait alone can express regret
Si j'avais su ! (If only I had known!) — the result clause can be dropped entirely, leaving an exclamation of pure regret.
Astuces & mémo
- Think of the three types as one ladder: présent/futur (real) → imparfait/conditionnel (imaginary) → plus-que-parfait/conditionnel passé (impossible now).
- Type 3 assembles two things you already know — plus-que-parfait plus conditionnel passé. Nothing new to memorise, just to combine.
- Whatever the type, check the si-clause first: it can only ever contain présent, imparfait or plus-que-parfait.
Which type?
Match each si clause to its type.
- Q1si j'ai le temps...A____________
- Q2si j'avais le temps...A____________
- Q3si j'avais eu le temps...A____________
- Q4si tu m'avais prévenu...A____________
Guided practice — complete the hypothesis
Complete each sentence with the correct tense for its type.
Build the sentence
Put the words in the correct order.
- Sentence 1Tap the words below to build the sentence.
- Sentence 2Tap the words below to build the sentence.
Produce it
Write one sentence of each type: something realistic, something hypothetical, and one regret about the past.
- 1.Que ferez-vous si vous avez du temps libre ? (type 1)
- 2.Que feriez-vous si vous viviez à l'étranger ? (type 2)
- 3.Qu'auriez-vous fait différemment si vous aviez su ? (type 3)