Je pense qu'il a raison. Je ne pense pas qu'il ait raison. Il est certain qu'elle vient. Il est possible qu'elle vienne. J'espère qu'il fera beau.
Opinion: subjunctive vs indicative
Opinion : subjonctif ou indicatif ?
What you'll learn
- Give opinions with the indicative
- Switch to subjunctive when negated
- Choose by certainty
Tips for this lesson
- Affirmative opinion (je pense que) = indicative — you're asserting something.
- Negated or questioned opinion (je ne pense pas que) = subjunctive — doubt enters.
- Certainty expressions take the indicative; possibility/doubt expressions take the subjunctive.
In context
Read. Notice the same verb (penser) takes a different mood depending on whether it's affirmative or negative.
The pattern — certainty vs doubt
Assert something confidently → indicative. Introduce doubt or mere possibility → subjunctive.
In B1-04 you learned that certain expressions always trigger the subjunctive. Opinion verbs work differently: the mood depends on how certain the speaker is. When you assert an opinion affirmatively — je pense que, je crois que, il est certain que — you use the indicative, because you're presenting it as true. But when the opinion is negated or questioned — je ne pense pas que, crois-tu que — doubt enters, so you switch to the subjunctive. The same logic applies to impersonal expressions: il est certain/vrai/évident que (certainty → indicative) vs il est possible/douteux que (possibility → subjunctive).
| Certainty → indicative | Doubt / possibility → subjunctive |
|---|---|
| je pense que | je ne pense pas que |
| je crois que | je ne crois pas que |
| il est certain que | il est possible que |
| il est vrai que | il est douteux que |
| il est évident que | il se peut que |
Je pense qu'il a raison.
I think he's right.
Affirmative opinion → indicative (a).
Je ne pense pas qu'il ait raison.
I don't think he's right.
Negated → subjunctive (ait). Same verb, different mood.
Il est certain qu'elle vient.
It's certain she's coming.
Certainty → indicative.
Il est possible qu'elle vienne.
It's possible she's coming.
Possibility → subjunctive.
Erreurs fréquentes
- Je pense qu'il ait raison.Je pense qu'il a raison.
An affirmative opinion asserts something as true → indicative, not subjunctive.
- Je ne pense pas qu'il a raison.Je ne pense pas qu'il ait raison.
Negating the opinion introduces doubt → the subjunctive is required.
- J'espère qu'il fasse beau.J'espère qu'il fera beau.
espérer is a famous exception — it takes the INDICATIVE (usually futur), even though hoping feels uncertain.
Exceptions & à retenir
espérer takes the indicative
J'espère qu'il viendra (not qu'il vienne) — unlike souhaiter or vouloir, espérer is followed by the indicative, usually the futur. A genuine irregularity worth memorising.
Questions with opinion verbs often take the subjunctive
Crois-tu qu'il soit prêt ? (Do you think he's ready?) — questioning an opinion introduces the same doubt as negating it, so the subjunctive appears. In casual speech, the indicative is also heard.
Same subject → use an infinitive instead
When both clauses share a subject, French drops the que-clause entirely: je pense partir demain (I'm thinking of leaving tomorrow), not je pense que je parte. The subjunctive needs two different subjects.
Astuces & mémo
- Ask yourself: am I asserting this as true (indicative) or flagging it as uncertain/merely possible (subjunctive)?
- Learn the flip as a matched pair: je pense qu'il EST / je ne pense pas qu'il SOIT. Practising both together makes the rule stick.
- espérer is the classic exception to memorise — it takes the indicative despite expressing a wish.
Indicative or subjunctive?
Match each opening phrase to the mood it requires.
- Q1je pense que...A____________
- Q2je ne pense pas que...A____________
- Q3il est possible que...A____________
- Q4il est certain que...A____________
- Q5j'espère que...A____________
Guided practice — choose the mood
Complete with the indicative or subjunctive, whichever the opening requires.
Build the sentence
Put the words in the correct order.
- Sentence 1Tap the words below to build the sentence.
- Sentence 2Tap the words below to build the sentence.
Produce it
Give two opinions you're confident about (indicative) and two you doubt (subjunctive).
- 1.Que pensez-vous de l'apprentissage des langues ? (je pense que + indicatif)
- 2.De quoi doutez-vous ? (je ne pense pas que + subjonctif)
- 3.Qu'est-ce qui est possible dans votre avenir ? (il est possible que + subjonctif)