J'habite à Paris, en France. Mon ami habite au Japon. Le livre est sur la table, et les clés sont dans le sac. Ce soir, je vais chez Marie, et demain je vais chez le médecin.
Prepositions of place
Les prépositions de lieu
What you'll learn
- Say where things and people are
- Choose the right preposition for countries
- Use chez correctly
Tips for this lesson
- à = city; en = feminine country; au = masculine country; aux = plural country.
- chez + person = at their home/business — there's no direct English translation.
- dans = inside something; sur = on top of something.
In context
Read. Notice a different preposition for each type of place.
The pattern — à, en, dans, sur, chez
Each preposition has a specific job — cities, countries, physical location, or someone's place.
French uses different prepositions depending on what kind of place you mean. For cities, always use à (à Paris, à Tokyo). For countries, it depends on the country's gender: en for feminine countries (en France, en Espagne — most countries ending in -e), au for masculine countries (au Japon, au Canada), and aux for plural-named countries (aux États-Unis). For physical location, dans means inside (dans le sac) and sur means on top of (sur la table). Finally, chez + a person means at their home or business — a concept with no single English word: chez moi (at my place), chez le médecin (at the doctor's).
| Preposition | Used for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| à | cities | à Paris |
| en | feminine countries | en France |
| au | masculine countries | au Japon |
| aux | plural countries | aux États-Unis |
| dans | inside something | dans le sac |
| sur | on top of something | sur la table |
| chez | at someone's place | chez le médecin |
Je suis à Paris.
I am in Paris.
City → always à, regardless of gender.
Elle habite en Espagne.
She lives in Spain.
Feminine country → en.
Nous allons au Canada.
We're going to Canada.
Masculine country → au.
Je vais chez toi ce soir.
I'm going to your place tonight.
chez + person — no equivalent single English word.
Erreurs fréquentes
- Je suis à France.Je suis en France.
Countries don't take à — use en/au/aux depending on gender, not the city rule.
- Je vais à Marie.Je vais chez Marie.
Going to see a PERSON uses chez, not à — à is for places, chez is for people's homes/businesses.
- Je suis dans Paris.Je suis à Paris.
dans means physically inside a container — cities use à, not dans.
Exceptions & à retenir
A few countries break the -e rule
le Mexique (masculine despite ending in -e) → au Mexique. Gender isn't always predictable from spelling — learn high-frequency countries individually.
chez also means 'in [someone]'s work/character'
Chez les Français, c'est normal... (Among/for the French, it's normal...) — chez can extend beyond literal homes to 'in the world/character of'.
en is also used for regions and some non-gendered places
en ville (in town), en cours (in class), en vacances (on vacation) — en has broader uses beyond feminine countries that you'll pick up over time.
Astuces & mémo
- Quick test for countries: does it end in -e (mute)? → probably feminine → en. Most other endings → masculine → au.
- chez is one of the most useful words in French — practise chez moi, chez toi, chez lui/elle, chez nous, chez vous, chez eux/elles.
- dans = 3D inside (dans la boîte); sur = 2D on top (sur la boîte) — picture the physical relationship.
Match the preposition
Match each place to its correct preposition.
- Q1Paris (city)A____________
- Q2France (feminine country)A____________
- Q3Japon (masculine country)A____________
- Q4États-Unis (plural country)A____________
- Q5le médecin (a person)A____________
- Q6la table (on top)A____________
Guided practice — choose the preposition
Complete with à, en, au, aux, dans, sur or chez.
Build the sentence
Put the words in the correct order.
- Sentence 1Tap the words below to build the sentence.
- Sentence 2Tap the words below to build the sentence.
- Sentence 3Tap the words below to build the sentence.
- Sentence 4Tap the words below to build the sentence.
Produce it
Say where you live (city + country), where 3 objects are, and use chez once.
- 1.Où habitez-vous ? (ville et pays)
- 2.Où sont trois objets autour de vous ?
- 3.Chez qui allez-vous cette semaine ?